How to Grow Valerian: Planting, Care, and Harvesting

Nov 03, 2026by David Schulze

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is a hardy perennial herb grown for its fragrant clusters of small white flowers and its roots, which have been harvested from gardens for centuries. The plants form substantial clumps of finely divided foliage topped by tall, billowy blooms in summer, and they fit nicely at the back of beds or in a damp corner of a wildlife garden.

When to Plant Valerian

Sow valerian seeds in spring, or direct sow in fall in mild areas. For transplants, start seeds indoors four to six weeks before your last frost and set the young plants out in early spring once the ground can be worked. Use fresh seed if you can, since valerian seed loses viability quickly, and even fresh seed usually germinates at only around 60 to 70 percent.

How to Plant Valerian Seeds

The seeds need light to germinate, so press them onto the surface of moist soil or seed-starting mix rather than burying them deeply. Keep the seedbed consistently moist until seedlings appear, then thin or transplant the young plants to stand 12 to 18 inches apart. Choose a spot in full sun to partial shade with moist, rich, well-drained soil; valerian adapts to most soils as long as they are not soggy.

Caring for Valerian Plants

Water young plants consistently during their first year, then only during extended dry spells, and keep a mulch layer around the plants to hold moisture and suppress weeds. Valerian self-seeds readily and spreads by underground runners, so cut off the flower heads after they bloom but before they set seed if you want to limit its spread. Cut the old stems and foliage to the ground in fall or early spring, and dig up and divide overcrowded clumps every few years to keep them vigorous.

Harvesting Valerian

Cut stems in summer for bouquets or drying. If you want the roots, wait until at least the autumn of the second year, then dig deeply to lift the whole root system. Wash the roots and dry them in a warm, airy spot outdoors, since the drying roots have a strong smell many people dislike, and store the pieces in an airtight container out of sunlight.

Frequently Asked Questions

Will valerian spread in my garden?

It can. Valerian self-seeds and spreads by runners, so deadhead the flowers before seed sets and divide the clumps every few years to keep it in bounds.

When should I harvest valerian roots?

Wait until the autumn of the plant's second year or later, then dig deep to lift the roots, wash them, and dry them in a warm, airy place before storing.

Does valerian need full sun?

Valerian grows in full sun or partial shade and prefers moist, rich, well-drained soil. In hot climates, a spot with some afternoon shade helps keep it comfortable.